Parent Category:
Introduction
Bloat is a condition in which a dogs stomach distends. If this condition involves a twisted stomach, it is called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV). This survey is interested in the surgical condition of GDV. In a large three year study of 927 military working dogs (MWD), GDV was found to be the fifth most common reason for death and the major preventable cause of death (Moore, 2001).
The literature on GDV points in many directions which has not brought breeders any closer to a solution. This survey focuses only on some of the environmental factors that might be related to factors that trigger or contribute to the occurrence of GDV. We hope that the data collected will be of use to those who study the entire puzzle of this disease. The aim of this survey is to look at conditions that are relevant to the further study of this disease. Your contribution is very much appreciated.
This survey is the joint effort of Dr. Carmen Battaglia PhD of the AKC and Dr. Cindy Otto DVM, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine.
For this survey we are interested in dogs that bloated. We are able to collect information on up to 3 of your dogs that have bloated. If you had other dogs at the time your dog bloated, we would like information on one of those dogs that is most like the dog that bloated. We are also interested in your dog that might have been at risk of bloat and did not bloat. If you have multiple dogs that did not bloat please only provide information for one of them.
General Questions
- Please enter the following data for your dog.
- Country in which the dog lives:
Zip Code/Postal Code:
- Country in which the dog lives:
- If this dog was born before 1993, what year was it born?
- Year of Birth - Please Choose -199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010other
- Breed of your dog (if mixed breed please write "MIXED"):
- Gender -Please Choose-MaleFemale
- Neutered?-Please Choose-YesNo
- What is the main purpose of your dog (check all that apply)? Family Pet
Show Dog
Performance Dog
Competive Sport
Working Dog
Hunting Dog Other: - Has this dog ever had an episode of bloat (not requiring surgery)? -Please Choose-YesNo
- Has this dog ever had a GDV requiring surgery? -Please Choose-YesNo
General Questions for Second Dog
- If this dog was born before 1993, what year was it born?
- Year of Birth -Please Choose-199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010other
- Breed of your dog (if mixed breed please write "MIXED"):
- Gender -Please Choose-MaleFemale
- Neutered? -Please Choose-YesNo
- What is the main purpose of your dog (check all that apply)? Family Pet
Show Dog
Performance Dog
Competive Sport
Working Dog
Hunting Dog
Other: - Has this dog ever had an episode of bloat (not requiring surgery)? -Please Choose-YesNo
- Has this dog ever had a GDV requiring surgery? -Please Choose-YesNo
General Questions for Third Dog
- If this dog was born before 1993, what year was it born?
- Year of Birth -Please Select-199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010other
- Breed of your dog (if mixed breed please write "MIXED"):
- Gender -Please Choose-MaleFemale
- Neutered? -Please Choose-MaleFemale
- What is the main purpose of your dog (check all that apply)? Family Pet
Show Dog
Performance Dog
Competive Sport
Working Dog
Hunting Dog
Other: - Has this dog ever had an episode of bloat (not requiring surgery)? -Please Choose-YesNo
- Has this dog ever had a GDV requiring surgery? -Please Choose-YesNo
General Questions for Fourth Dog
- If this dog was born before 1993, what year was it born?
- Year of Birth -Please Select-199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010other
- Breed of your dog (if mixed breed please write "MIXED"):
- Gender -Please Choose-MaleFemale
- Neutered? -Please Choose-MaleFemale
- What is the main purpose of your dog (check all that apply)? Family Pet
Show Dog
Performance Dog
Competive Sport
Working Dog
Hunting Dog
Other: - Has this dog ever had an episode of bloat (not requiring surgery)? -Please Choose-YesNo
- Has this dog ever had a GDV requiring surgery? -Please Choose-YesNo
Questions for Dogs with GDV
- What was the age of your dog at the time of the GDV? - Please Select-1234567891011121314
- Is your dog currently still alive? -Please Choose-YesNo
- If your dog is not alive any more, was the death related to the GDV (i.e. did your dog died in 14 days after the surgery for GDV)? -Please Select-YesNoDon't RememberNot Applicable
- If your dog is not alive any more, what was his/her age in years at the time of death? -Please Select-1234567891011121314
- Did the sire of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- Did the dam of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- Did any littermates of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown If "YES" please specify how many (if you know)
- During the week prior to the GDV -for male intact dogs, was there a nearby bitch in season? For female intact dogs, was she in season? Check all that apply. Yes
No
My dog is neutered/spayed
Don't Remember - During the six months prior to the GDV did your dog participate in any of the following activities? Check all that apply. Dog show training or shows
Field training or trials
Schutzhund or working dog activities or trials trials
Obedience training or trials
Agility training or trials
Hunting Dog Other activities that involve physical "work outs": - How many times per week (on average) did your dog participate at the above mentioned activities? -Please Select-1 per week2-4 times per weekMore than 4 x week
- During the six months prior to the GDV were there any new additions to the household? Check all that apply. A new person
A new dog
Other new animal - At the time of the GDV how many other dogs were in the household? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- At the time of the GDV did this dog live with cats? -Please Select-012345> 5
- At the time of the GDV how would you rate your dog's body condition (on a scale of 1-9 with 1 being severely emaciated, 5 being ideal for the breed, and 9 being severely obese). -Please Select-123456789
- If a commercial diet has been fed, was it (check all that apply) Dry kibbie
Canned food
Raw food
Unknown
Not applicable - If a homemade diet has been fed, was it (check all that apply) Cooked
Raw
Unknown
Not applicable - Was your dog fed table scraps? -Please Select-YesNo
- Supplements you were adding to the regular diet at the time of GDV (check all that apply) None
Eggs
Cod liver oil
Fish
Vitamins
Cooked Chicken
Raw Chicken
Cottage
Cheese
Yogurt
Coat enhanser Other products (please specify) - At the time of the GDV rate how fast your dog would eat its meal (scale of 1-5 with 1 being a slow eater and 5 meaning gulping food). -Please Select-12345
- What was the feeding frequency at the time of GDV? -Please Select-1 x per pay2 x per dayFree Choice Other (please specify)
- At the time of GDV, you were feeding your dog from a bowl? -Please Select-On the floorRaised from the floorNot fed from bowl
- What time after feeding was your dog typically allowed outdoors or to engage in activity? -Please Select-Immediately30 minutes1 hour1-3 hours3-6 hours> 6 hours
- In the time prior to being allowed to engage in activity after feeding, your dog was? -Please Select-KenneledKept loose indoorsKept loose in yard
- What activity was your dog typically allowed to engage in after meals at the time marked above (check all that apply) Run free outside
Kennel run
Run free inside
Play with other dogs
Run the fence
Jog/run with you Other (please specify) - In the six months prior to the GDV, did your dog have a history of illness? -Please Select-YesNoDon't remmember If yes please specify
- In the six months prior to the GDV, did your dog have surgery? -Please Select-YesNoDon't remmember If yes please specify
- In the month prior to the GDV, did your dog have diarrhea? -Please Select-YesNoDon't remmember
- Anesthesia was given to your dog for any reason within 72 hours of GDV. -Please Select-YesNo
- On the day of GDV your dog was in the care of (check all that apply) Its owner/handler
A familiar person (but not owner/handler
An unfamiliar person
Was alone
Don't remember - On the day of the GDV your dog was (check all that apply) In its home environment
At a boarding facility
A familiar person (but not owner/handler
In an unfamiliar environment
Traviling
Don't remember - What was the season of the year when the GDV occurred? -Please Select-SpringFallWinterSummer
- On a scale of 1-5, where 1 is sub freezing and 5 is extremely hot, rate the outside temperature on the day of the GDV. -Please Select-12345
- At the time of GDV your dog lived in? -Please Select-Urban environmentSuburban environmentRural environment
- Rate your dog’s energy level (on a scale of 1-9, where 1 is calm and 9 is hyperactive) -Please Select-123456789
- Rate your dog’s anxiety level (on a scale of 1-9 where 1 is no anxiety and 9 is extremely anxious): -Please Select-123456789
- When describing your dog’s behavior, check all the answers that apply to him/her Not excited at all
Barks when bark at door
Barks at strangers
Barkes at other dogs
Hard to control when exited
Chases tail
Spins out of control
Acts oblivious to efforts to interceed
Likes to fence run
Plays with other dogs - During a typical day around the time of the GDV your dog was -Please Select-Primarily indoorsPrimarily outdoorsIndoors/Outdoors
- During a typical day around the time of the GDV your dog spent most of its time -Please Select-AloneWith other dogsWith family membersWith non-family members
- During a typical day around the time of the GDV your dog spend most of its time -Please Choose-In a crateIn a penLoose Other (please specify)
- In a typical week around the time of GDV, how many days were you or your family members in the company of your dog? -Please Select-1234567
- On average how many hours a day were you awake in the company of your dog? -Please Select-None< 1 hr1-2 hr3-4 hr5-6 hr> than 6
- During a typical night your dog was (check all that apply) Kept indoors
Able to freely go in and out during the night
Kept outdoors - Does this dog typically sleeps on its back? -Please Select-YesNo
- If you owned another dog at the time of GDV in this dog, would you like to give us the information about the other dog too? -Please Select-YesNo
Questions for Second Dog with GDV
- What was the age of your dog at the time of the GDV? -Please Select-1234567891011121314
- Is your dog currently still alive? -Please Choose-YesNo
- If your dog is not alive any more, was the death related to the GDV (i.e. did your dog died in 14 days after the surgery for GDV)? -Please Select-YesNoDon't RememberNot Applicable
- If your dog is not alive any more, what was his/her age in years at the time of death? -Please Select-1234567891011121314
- Did the sire of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- Did the dam of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- Did any littermates of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown If "YES" please specify how many (if you know)
- During the week prior to the GDV -for male intact dogs, was there a nearby bitch in season? For female intact dogs, was she in season? Check all that apply. Yes
No
My dog is neutered/spayed
Don't Remember - During the six months prior to the GDV did your dog participate in any of the following activities? Check all that apply. Dog show training or shows
Field training or trials
Schutzhund or working dog activities or trials trials
Obedience training or trials
Agility training or trials
Hunting Dog
Other activities that involve physical "work outs": - How many times per week (on average) did your dog participate at the above mentioned activities? -Please Select-1 per week2-4 times per weekMore than 4 x week
- During the six months prior to the GDV were there any new additions to the household? Check all that apply. A new person
A new dog
Other new animal - At the time of the GDV how many other dogs were in the household? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- At the time of the GDV did this dog live with cats? -Please Select-012345> 5
- At the time of the GDV how would you rate your dog's body condition (on a scale of 1-9 with 1 being severely emaciated, 5 being ideal for the breed, and 9 being severely obese). -Please Select-123456789
- If a commercial diet has been fed, was it (check all that apply) Dry kibbie
Canned food
Raw food
Unknown
Not applicable - If a homemade diet has been fed, was it (check all that apply) Cooked
Raw
Unknown
Not applicable - Was your dog fed table scraps? -Please Select-YesNo
- Supplements you were adding to the regular diet at the time of GDV (check all that apply) None
Eggs
Cod liver oil
Fish
Vitamins
Cooked Chicken
Raw Chicken
Cottage
Cheese
Yogurt
Coat enhanser
Other products (please specify) - At the time of the GDV rate how fast your dog would eat its meal (scale of 1-5 with 1 being a slow eater and 5 meaning gulping food). -Please Select-12345
- What was the feeding frequency at the time of GDV? -Please Select-1 x per pay2 x per dayFree Choice Other (please specify)
- At the time of GDV, you were feeding your dog from a bowl? -Please Select-On the floorRaised from the floorNot fed from bowl
- What time after feeding was your dog typically allowed outdoors or to engage in activity? -Please Select-Immediately30 minutes1 hour1-3 hours3-6 hours> 6 hours
- In the time prior to being allowed to engage in activity after feeding, your dog was? -Please Select-KenneledKept loose indoorsKept loose in yard
- What activity was your dog typically allowed to engage in after meals at the time marked above (check all that apply) Run free outside
Kennel run
Run free inside
Play with other dogs
Run the fence
Jog/run with you Other (please specify) - In the six months prior to the GDV, did your dog have a history of illness? -Please Select-YesNoDon't remmember If yes please specify
- In the six months prior to the GDV, did your dog have surgery? -Please Select-YesNoDon't remmember If yes please specify
- In the month prior to the GDV, did your dog have diarrhea? -Please Select-YesNoDon't remmember
- Anesthesia was given to your dog for any reason within 72 hours of GDV. -Please Select-YesNo
- On the day of GDV your dog was in the care of (check all that apply) Its owner/handler
A familiar person (but not owner/handler
An unfamiliar person
Was alone
Don't remember - On the day of the GDV your dog was (check all that apply) In its home environment
At a boarding facility
A familiar person (but not owner/handler
In an unfamiliar environment
Traviling
Don't remember - What was the season of the year when the GDV occurred? -Please Select-SpringFallWinterSummer
- On a scale of 1-5, where 1 is sub freezing and 5 is extremely hot, rate the outside temperature on the day of the GDV. -Please Select-12345
- At the time of GDV your dog lived in? -Please Select-Urban environmentSuburban environmentRural environment
- Rate your dog’s energy level (on a scale of 1-9, where 1 is calm and 9 is hyperactive) -Please Select-123456789
- Rate your dog’s anxiety level (on a scale of 1-9 where 1 is no anxiety and 9 is extremely anxious): -Please Select-123456789
- When describing your dog’s behavior, check all the answers that apply to him/her Not excited at all
Barks when bark at door
Barks at strangers
Barkes at other dogs
Hard to control when exited
Chases tail
Spins out of control
Acts oblivious to efforts to interceed
Likes to fence run
Plays with other dogs - During a typical day around the time of the GDV your dog was -Please Select-Primarily indoorsPrimarily outdoorsIndoors/Outdoors
- During a typical day around the time of the GDV your dog spent most of its time -Please Select-AloneWith other dogsWith family membersWith non-family members
- During a typical day around the time of the GDV your dog spend most of its time -Please Choose-In a crateIn a penLoose Other (please specify)
- In a typical week around the time of GDV, how many days were you or your family members in the company of your dog? -Please Select-1234567
- On average how many hours a day were you awake in the company of your dog? -Please Select-None< 1 hr1-2 hr3-4 hr5-6 hr> than 6
- During a typical night your dog was (check all that apply) Kept indoors
Able to freely go in and out during the night
Kept outdoors - Does this dog typically sleeps on its back? -Please Select-YesNo
- If you owned another dog at the time of GDV in this dog, would you like to give us the information about the other dog too? -Please Select-YesNo
Questions for Third Dog with GDV
- What was the age of your dog at the time of the GDV? -Please Select-1234567891011121314
- Is your dog currently still alive? -Please Choose -YesNo
- If your dog is not alive any more, was the death related to the GDV (i.e. did your dog died in 14 days after the surgery for GDV)? -Please Select-YesNoDon't RememberNot Applicable
- If your dog is not alive any more, what was his/her age in years at the time of death? -Please Select-1234567891011121314
- Did the sire of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- Did the dam of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- Did any littermates of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown If "YES" please specify how many (if you know)
- During the week prior to the GDV -for male intact dogs, was there a nearby bitch in season? For female intact dogs, was she in season? Check all that apply. Yes
No
My dog is neutered/spayed
Don't Remember - During the six months prior to the GDV did your dog participate in any of the following activities? Check all that apply. Dog show training or shows
Field training or trials
Schutzhund or working dog activities or trials trials
Obedience training or trials
Agility training or trials
Hunting Dog Other activities that involve physical "work outs": - How many times per week (on average) did your dog participate at the above mentioned activities? -Please Select-1 per week2-4 times per weekMore than 4 x week
- During the six months prior to the GDV were there any new additions to the household? Check all that apply. A new person
A new dog
Other new animal - At the time of the GDV how many other dogs were in the household? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- At the time of the GDV did this dog live with cats? -Please Select-012345> 5
- At the time of the GDV how would you rate your dog's body condition (on a scale of 1-9 with 1 being severely emaciated, 5 being ideal for the breed, and 9 being severely obese). -Please Select-123456789
- If a commercial diet has been fed, was it (check all that apply) Dry kibbie
Canned food
Raw food
Unknown
Not applicable - If a homemade diet has been fed, was it (check all that apply) Cooked
Raw
Unknown
Not applicable - Was your dog fed table scraps? -Please Select-YesNo
- Supplements you were adding to the regular diet at the time of GDV (check all that apply) None
Eggs
Cod liver oil
Fish
Vitamins
Cooked Chicken
Raw Chicken
Cottage
Cheese
Yogurt
Coat enhanser Other products (please specify) - At the time of the GDV rate how fast your dog would eat its meal (scale of 1-5 with 1 being a slow eater and 5 meaning gulping food). -Please Select-12345
- What was the feeding frequency at the time of GDV? -Please Select-1 x per pay2 x per dayFree Choice Other (please specify)
- At the time of GDV, you were feeding your dog from a bowl? -Please Select-On the floorRaised from the floorNot fed from bowl
- What time after feeding was your dog typically allowed outdoors or to engage in activity? -Please Select-Immediately30 minutes1 hour1-3 hours3-6 hours> 6 hours
- In the time prior to being allowed to engage in activity after feeding, your dog was? -Please Select-KenneledKept loose indoorsKept loose in yard
- What activity was your dog typically allowed to engage in after meals at the time marked above (check all that apply) Run free outside
Kennel run
Run free inside
Play with other dogs
Run the fence
Jog/run with you Other (please specify) - In the six months prior to the GDV, did your dog have a history of illness? -Please Select-YesNoDon't remmember If yes please specify
- In the six months prior to the GDV, did your dog have surgery? -Please Select-YesNoDon't remmember If yes please specify
- In the month prior to the GDV, did your dog have diarrhea? -Please Select-YesNoDon't remmember
- Anesthesia was given to your dog for any reason within 72 hours of GDV. -Please Select-YesNo
- On the day of GDV your dog was in the care of (check all that apply) Its owner/handler
A familiar person (but not owner/handler
An unfamiliar person
Was alone
Don't remember - On the day of the GDV your dog was (check all that apply) In its home environment
At a boarding facility
A familiar person (but not owner/handler
tIn an unfamiliar environmen
Traviling
Don't remember - What was the season of the year when the GDV occurred? -Please Select-SpringFallWinterSummer
- On a scale of 1-5, where 1 is sub freezing and 5 is extremely hot, rate the outside temperature on the day of the GDV. -Please Select-12345
- At the time of GDV your dog lived in? -Please Select-Urban environmentSuburban environmentRural environment
- Rate your dog’s energy level (on a scale of 1-9, where 1 is calm and 9 is hyperactive) -Please Select-123456789
- Rate your dog’s anxiety level (on a scale of 1-9 where 1 is no anxiety and 9 is extremely anxious): -Please Select-123456789
- When describing your dog’s behavior, check all the answers that apply to him/her Not excited at all
Barks when bark at door
Barks at strangers
Barkes at other dogs
Hard to control when exited
Chases tail
Spins out of control
Acts oblivious to efforts to interceed
Likes to fence run
Plays with other dogs - During a typical day around the time of the GDV your dog was -Please Select-Primarily indoorsPrimarily outdoorsIndoors/Outdoors
- During a typical day around the time of the GDV your dog spent most of its time -Please Select-AloneWith other dogsWith family membersWith non-family members
- During a typical day around the time of the GDV your dog spend most of its time -Please Choose-In a crateIn a penLoose Other (please specify)
- In a typical week around the time of GDV, how many days were you or your family members in the company of your dog? -Please Select-1234567
- On average how many hours a day were you awake in the company of your dog? -Please Select-None< 1 hr1-2 hr3-4 hr5-6 hr> than 6
- During a typical night your dog was (check all that apply) Kept indoors
Able to freely go in and out during the night
Kept outdoors - Does this dog typically sleeps on its back? -Please Select-YesNo
- If you owned another dog at the time of GDV in this dog, would you like to give us the information about the other dog too? -Please Select-YesNo
Questions for Dogs without GDV
- Is there any history of illness in your dog? -Please Select-YesNo If yes, list the illnesses
- Is there any history of diarrhea in your dog? -Please Select-NoYes, few x yearYes, few x monthYes, few x weekYes, daily
- Did your dog have surgery for any reason (includes spaying and neutering)? Please check all that apply No
Yes, spay/netur
Yes, other sugery If "Yes, other sugery" please specify - Did your dog have a preventative gastropexy done (i.e. surgical attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall to prevent GDV)? -Please Select-YesNo
- Does your dog participate in any of the following activities (please check all that apply)? Dog Show training or shows
Field traing or trails
Schutzhund or working dog activities or trials
Obedience training or trials
Agility training or trials Other activities that involve physical "work outs" (please specify): - Did the sire of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- Did the dam of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown
- Did any littermates of this dog have a GDV? -Please Select-YesNoUnknown If "YES" please specify how many (if you know)
- This dog lives in: -Please Select-Urban enviromentSuburban enviromentRural enviroment
- How many other dogs live with this dog? -Please Select-12345> 5
- Does this dog live with cats? -Please Select-YesNo
- How would you rate your dog's body condition (on a scale of 1-9 with 1 being severely emaciated, 5 being ideal for this breed, and 9 being severely obese). -Please Select-123456789
- If you are feeding a commercial diet to your dog, is it (check all that apply): Dry Kibble
Canned food
Raw food
Not feeding a commerecial diet - If you are feeding a homemade diet to your dog, is it (check all that apply): Cooked
Raw
Not feeding a homemade diet - Do you feed your dog table scraps? -Please Select-YesNo
- Supplements you are adding to the regular diet of your dog (check all that apply) None
Eggs
Cod liver oil
Fish
Vitamins
Cooked Chicken
Raw Chicken
Cottage
Cheese
Yogurt
Coat enhanser Other products (please specify) - How frequently is your dog fed? -Please Select-1 x per pay2 x per dayFree Choice Other (please specify)
- Rate how fast your dog eats its meal (scale of 1-5 with 1 being a slow eater and 5 meaning gulping food). -Please Select-12345
- You are feeding your dog from a bowl: -Please Select-On the floorRaised from the floorNot fed from bowl
- What time after feeding is your dog typically allowed outdoors or to engage in activity? -Please Select-Immediately30 minutes1 hour1-3 hours3-6 hours> 6 hours
- In the time prior to being allowed to engage in activity after feeding, your dog is -Please Select-KenneledKept loose indoorsKept loose in yard
- What activity was your dog typically allowed to engage in after meals at the time marked above (check all that apply) Run free outside
Kennel run
Run free inside
Play with other dogs
Run the fence
Jog/run with you Other (please specify) - Rate your dog’s energy level (on a scale of 1-9, where 1 is calm and 9 is hyperactive): -Please Select-123456789
- Rate your dog’s anxiety level (on a scale of 1-9 where 1 is no anxiety and 9 is extremely anxious): -Please Select-123456789
- When describing your dog’s behavior, check all the answers that apply to him/her Not excited at all
Barks when bark at door
Barks at strangers
Barkes at other dogs
Hard to control when exited
Chases tail
Spins out of control
Acts oblivious to efforts to interceed
Likes to fence run
Plays with other dogs - During a typical day your dog is? -Please Select-Primarily indoorsPrimarily outdoorsIndoors/Outdoors
- During a typical day your dog spent most of its time -Please Select-AloneWith other dogsWith family membersWith non-family members
- During a typical day your dog spends most of its time -Please Select-In a crateIn a penLoose Other (please specify)
- In a typical week, how many days are you or your family members in the company of your dog? -Please Select-1234567
- On average, how many hours a day are you awake in the company of your dog? -Please Select-NoneLess than an hour1/2 hour3-4 hours5-6 hours> 6 hours
- During a typical night your dog is (check all that apply): Keep indoors
Able to freely go in and out during the night
Kept outdoors - Does this dog typically sleeps on its back? -Please Select-YesNo
Any comments that you would like to add
Thank You
Our maximum number of dogs with GDV is 3 per family and the information on companion dogs is 1 per family. Thank you for your participation, your information will be extremely helpful in understanding this disease.
About the Author
Carmen L Battaglia holds a Ph.D. and Masters Degree from Florida State University. As an AKC judge, researcher and writer, he has been a leader in promotion of breeding better dogs and has written many articles and several books.Dr. Battaglia is also a popular TV and radio talk show speaker. His seminars on breeding dogs, selecting sires and choosing puppies have been well received by the breed clubs all over the country.